原文
《左传·庄公十年》
十年春，齐师伐我。公将战，曹刿请见。其乡人曰：“肉食者谋之，又何间焉？”刿曰：“肉食者鄙，未能远谋。”乃入见。问：“何以战？”公曰：“衣食所安，弗敢专也，必以分人。”对曰：“小惠未遍，民弗从也。”公曰：“牺牲玉帛，弗敢加也，必以信。”对曰：“小信未孚，神弗福也。”公曰：“小大之狱，虽不能察，必以情。”对曰：“忠之属也，可以一战。战则请从。”
公与之乘，战于长勺。公将鼓之。刿曰：“未可。”齐人三鼓。刿曰：“可矣。”齐师败绩。公将驰之。刿曰：“未可。”下视其辙，登轼而望之，曰：“可矣。”遂逐齐师。
既克，公问其故。对曰：“夫战，勇气也。一鼓作气，再而衰，三而竭。彼竭我盈，故克之。夫大国，难测也，惧有伏焉。吾视其辙乱，望其旗靡，故逐之。”
中文翻译
《左传·庄公十年》
鲁庄公十年的春天，齐国军队攻打鲁国。鲁庄公准备迎战，曹刿请求觐见。他的同乡说：“当权者会谋划这件事，你何必参与呢？”曹刿说：“当权者目光短浅，不能深谋远虑。”于是进宫拜见。曹刿问：“您凭借什么作战？”鲁庄公说：“衣食这类用来安身的东西，我不敢独自享用，一定会分给他人。”曹刿回答：“这种小恩小惠无法遍及百姓，民众不会跟从您作战。”鲁庄公说：“祭祀用的牛羊、玉帛，我不敢虚报数量，一定对神明诚实。”曹刿回答：“这点小信用无法让神明信服，神明不会赐福。”鲁庄公说：“大大小小的案件，即使不能完全明察，但一定按实情处理。”曹刿回答：“这是尽职尽责的表现，可以凭借这一点作战。作战时请允许我跟随。”
鲁庄公与曹刿同乘一辆战车，在长勺交战。鲁庄公准备击鼓进军。曹刿说：“不可。”齐军三次击鼓后，曹刿说：“可以进攻了。”齐军溃败。鲁庄公准备追击。曹刿说：“不可。”他下车查看齐军车辙痕迹，又登上战车远望，说：“可以追击了。”于是鲁军追击齐军。
战胜后，鲁庄公询问取胜的原因。曹刿回答：“作战靠的是勇气。第一次击鼓能振作士气，第二次击鼓士气减弱，第三次击鼓士气耗尽。敌人士气耗尽而我军士气正盛，所以能取胜。大国难以预测，我担心他们设伏。我看到齐军车辙混乱，旗帜倒下，所以才下令追击。”
英文翻译
"Cao Gui's Discourse on War" (From Zuo Zhuan, 10th Year of Duke Zhuang)
In the spring of the tenth year, the Qi army invaded Lu. Duke Zhuang prepared for battle and summoned Cao Gui. A fellow villager said, "Those in power will plan this war. Why involve yourself?" Cao Gui replied, "The rulers are shortsighted and lack long-term vision." He then entered the court.
Cao Gui asked, "On what basis shall we fight?" The Duke replied, "I dare not hoard the necessities of life. I will share them with the people." Cao Gui said, "Such minor kindnesses won’t unite the masses." The Duke added, "I never exaggerate offerings to ancestors or gods, and always act sincerely." Cao Gui replied, "Half-hearted sincerity cannot earn divine favor." The Duke concluded, "I judge legal cases with fairness, even if I cannot investigate every detail." Cao Gui declared, "This is true governance! With this, we may fight. Let me accompany you."
Mounted together, they fought at Changshao. The Duke ordered drums to signal attack. Cao Gui said, "Not yet." After three drumbeats from Qi, Cao Gui cried, "Now!" Qi’s forces collapsed. The Duke pursued, but Cao Gui halted him. Inspecting the enemy’s wheel tracks and banners, he said, "Chase now!" They routed Qi.
After victory, the Duke asked why they won. Cao Gui explained, "War relies on morale. First drums inspire vigor, second weaken it, third exhaust it. Their spirit waned as ours surged—thus we triumphed. A great nation’s moves are unpredictable. Seeing their chaotic tracks and fallen banners, I knew they were routed."
背景补充
《曹刿论战》以“一鼓作气，再而衰，三而竭”为核心军事思想，强调士气与战术洞察的重要性，展现了曹刿作为谋士的智慧。故事背景为春秋时期诸侯争霸，长勺之战是鲁国以弱胜强的经典案例。
Comments NOTHING