文章目录[隐藏]
原文（东晋·陶渊明）
归去来兮，田园将芜胡不归？既自以心为形役，奚惆怅而独悲？悟已往之不谏，知来者之可追。实迷途其未远，觉今是而昨非。
舟遥遥以轻飏，风飘飘而吹衣。问征夫以前路，恨晨光之熹微。乃瞻衡宇，载欣载奔。僮仆欢迎，稚子候门。三径就荒，松菊犹存。携幼入室，有酒盈樽。引壶觞以自酌，眄庭柯以怡颜。倚南窗以寄傲，审容膝之易安。园日涉以成趣，门虽设而常关。策扶老以流憩，时矫首而遐观。云无心以出岫，鸟倦飞而知还。景翳翳以将入，抚孤松而盘桓。
归去来兮，请息交以绝游。世与我而相违，复驾言兮焉求？悦亲戚之情话，乐琴书以消忧。农人告余以春及，将有事于西畴。或命巾车，或棹孤舟。既窈窕以寻壑，亦崎岖而经丘。木欣欣以向荣，泉涓涓而始流。善万物之得时，感吾生之行休。
已矣乎！寓形宇内复几时？曷不委心任去留？胡为乎遑遑欲何之？富贵非吾愿，帝乡不可期。怀良辰以孤往，或植杖而耘耔。登东皋以舒啸，临清流而赋诗。聊乘化以归尽，乐夫天命复奚疑！
中文翻译
回去吧！田园快要荒芜了，为何还不回去？既然让心灵被形体驱使，为何还要惆怅独悲？明白过去的错误已不可挽回，但未来的事还来得及弥补。我误入迷途还不算太远，如今明白今日归隐正确，而昨日为官是错。
小船轻快地漂荡，微风拂动衣襟。向行人打听前路，只恨晨光朦胧。终于望见自家屋檐，我欣喜狂奔。僮仆欢迎来接，幼子守在门前。院中小径已荒，但松菊依然挺立。牵着孩子进屋，美酒早已满杯。我举杯自饮，闲看庭树开怀。倚靠南窗寄托傲世之情，发现狭小居室反易心安。每日园中散步自成乐趣，虽有大门却常关闭。拄着拐杖漫步休憩，时而抬头远眺。云霞无意飘出山峦，飞鸟倦了便知归巢。夕阳渐暗，我抚摸着孤松徘徊流连。
回去吧！让我断绝与世俗的交游。这世道与我的本心相违，再驾车出游还能追求什么？与亲友谈心使我快乐，弹琴读书可消忧愁。农人告诉我春天到了，该去西边的田地耕种。有时驾着篷车，有时划着小舟。既探寻幽深的山谷，也跋涉崎岖的山丘。树木欣欣向荣，泉水涓涓流淌。我羡慕万物恰逢其时，感慨自己生命将尽。
算了吧！人生在世能有多久？何不随心决定去留？为何惶惶不安，还想追求什么？富贵非我所愿，仙境不可企及。只盼趁着良辰独往，或拄杖下田除草。登上东边高地长啸，面对清流赋诗抒怀。姑且顺应自然走向生命尽头，乐天知命，还有什么疑虑！
英文翻译
"Returning Home" (By Tao Yuanming, Eastern Jin Dynasty)
Home I go!
Why not return when fields lie neglected?
Since my heart served my body, why grieve alone?
The past is beyond mending—but the future may be claimed.
Lost, yet not too far astray, I see now right from wrong.
My boat sways lightly, wind fluttering my sleeves.
I ask the road at dawn, begrudging twilight’s haze.
Then—home’s eaves in sight! I run, laughing.
Servants greet me, children wait at the gate.
Paths lie wild, yet pines and chrysanthemums remain.
Hand in hand, we enter—wine brims the cup.
I drink alone, gaze at trees, smile by the south window,
Find peace in cramped rooms. Daily garden walks bring joy;
The gate stays shut. Leaning on my cane, I pause, look afar:
Clouds drift idly from peaks, birds wing home weary.
Sunset dims—I linger, stroking an old pine.
Home I go!
Let me sever worldly ties.
This age clashes with my heart—what more to seek?
Kinship’s talk gladdens me; lute and books soothe cares.
Farmers say spring calls us west to till the land.
Some days, a covered cart; some days, a lonely boat.
Through winding valleys, up rugged hills—
Trees thrive, springs trickle.
I envy all things in their prime, sigh at my life’s decline.
Enough!
How long does flesh house the soul?
Why not let go, come or leave as one wills?
Why rush aimlessly? Wealth I never craved;
Immortal realms elude. I’ll seize fine days alone—
Hoe weeds, climb eastern slopes to sing,
Chant poems by clear streams.
Let life fade as nature wills—
Content with heaven’s course, why doubt?
背景补充
- 创作背景：
- 公元405年，陶渊明辞去彭泽县令（仅任职80余天），因不愿“为五斗米折腰”，作此赋明志。
- 标志着中国士人从“仕”到“隐”的典范性转折。
- 核心思想：
- 自然哲学：提出“聊乘化以归尽”，主张顺应自然生命节奏。
- 自由精神：以“息交绝游”否定世俗价值，确立田园生活的本体意义。
- 文学价值：
- 白描手法：如“云无心以出岫，鸟倦飞而知还”，赋予自然意象人格化隐喻。
- 音韵创新：六字句为主，间以感叹句（“已矣乎！”），形成跌宕的情感节奏。
- 名句解析：
- “悟已往之不谏，知来者之可追”：化用《论语》“往者不可谏，来者犹可追”，成为悔悟与新生的经典表达。
- “富贵非吾愿，帝乡不可期”：既否定功利追求，也超越道教长生幻想，体现纯粹的生命观。
此赋开创了中国“田园文学”传统，其“乐天知命”的哲学与诗意栖居的理想，深刻影响了后世文人精神世界。
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